Abstract
Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most common carcinoma in women, and using levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) may increase the risk of breast neoplasm. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between LNG-IUS use and the risk of breast neoplasm in women.
Materials and Methods: Databases PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar Search Engine were used to search for articles published until June 6, 2025. Data was analyzed using STATA 14.
Results: A total of 12 articles with 3774290 women were reviewed, and findings revealed that LNG-IUS use increased the risk of breast carcinoma based on OR (1.27, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.51), SIR (1.20, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.24), and IRR (1.20, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.34). Furthermore, using LNG-IUS in Sweden (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.18), Finland (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.40), Denmark (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.32), Australia (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.31), and Korea (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.59) increased the risk of breast neoplasm. However, the relationship between LNG-IUS use and breast neoplasm in China (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.12), Germany (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.12), and Norway (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.17) was statistically insignificant. On the other hand, using LNG-IUSs for less than 10 years (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.34) and for 10 years or more (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.30) increased the risk of breast carcinoma.
Conclusion: Using LNG-IUS increases the risk of breast carcinoma. However, the longer durations of LNG-IUS use did not affect the risk of breast carcinoma incidence. Among the LNG-IUS users, Korean (38%) and Swedish (14%) women showed the highest and lowest risks of breast carcinoma, respectively.
Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251090346) and Research Registry (UIN reviewregistry2020) websites.