Recent trends in osteoporosis among postmenopausal women

Abstract

Osteoporosis is considered by reduced bone mineral density and deteriorated bone microarchitecture, addressing the risk of fractures. Studies indicate that loss of estrogen can accelerate bone turnover, with one epidemiological study reflecting a more than two-fold increase in osteoporosis prevalence around menopausal period. Fractures associated with osteoporosis typically occur in the hip, spine, and wrist, significantly affecting mobility and quality of life. Additionally, the concept of osteoimmunology explains the reciprocal relationship between the immune system and bone health, showcasing how immune cells influence bone remodeling processes. It has been shown that inflammation-mediated pathways can lead to enhanced osteoclastogenesis as the process through which bone-resorbing cells named as osteoclasts are formed and culminating in the loss of bone mass.

Keywords: Osteoporosis, Estrogen, Bone mineral density, Osteoclasts, Osteoimmunology