Nickan Research Institute Immunopathologia Persa 2423-8015 11 2 2025 07 01 Recent trends in osteoporosis among postmenopausal women e43852 e43852 10.34172/ipp.2025.43852 EN Maryam Niksolat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3725-7462 Samaneh Saghafian Larijani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-8203 Journal Article 10.34172/ipp.2025.43852 2024 12 07 2025 02 07 Osteoporosis is considered by reduced bone mineral density and deteriorated bone microarchitecture, addressing the risk of fractures. Studies indicate that loss of estrogen can accelerate bone turnover, with one epidemiological study reflecting a more than two-fold increase in osteoporosis prevalence around menopausal period. Fractures associated with osteoporosis typically occur in the hip, spine, and wrist, significantly affecting mobility and quality of life. Additionally, the concept of osteoimmunology explains the reciprocal relationship between the immune system and bone health, showcasing how immune cells influence bone remodeling processes. It has been shown that inflammation-mediated pathways can lead to enhanced osteoclastogenesis as the process through which bone-resorbing cells named as osteoclasts are formed and culminating in the loss of bone mass.