Abstract
Introduction: Lophomonas blattarum is an emerging protozoan parasite increasingly identified in patients with unexplained respiratory symptoms. Understanding its prevalence and association with immunological markers such as IgE and eosinophils is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy in respiratory infections.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the patterns of L. blattarum in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and to assess serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and peripheral eosinophil counts in patients undergoing bronchoscopy.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the clinical and laboratory findings of 140 patients with L. blattarum infection identified in BAL samples who were referred for bronchoscopy at Firouzgar hospital, Tehran, Iran. Bronchoscopies and BAL sampling were performed following standard protocols, and samples were analyzed using direct smear and Giemsa staining. Relevant demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed.
Results: The mean age of patients was 60.37±17.86 years, with a majority being female (n=86). Additionally, 82.1% of patients were hospitalized (n=115), indicating notable exposure to environmental risk factors such as cockroaches and damp living conditions. Pneumonia (43.6%) was the most frequent primary diagnosis. Laboratory findings revealed elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels (174.97±188.63 IU/mL), suggesting an inflammatory or allergic profile in many patients. Radiologically, ground-glass opacity and consolidation were the most common findings.
Conclusion: The results indicated that L. blattarum infection is frequently associated with elevated IgE and eosinophil levels. Increased awareness of its clinical and radiological patterns may enhance early diagnosis and targeted management for affected patients.