Sahar Badr El-Din
1,2* 
, Hanan Ahmed Abd Almohymen ALfiky
1 , Eman Wahsh
3 , Heba Badawy
4 , Nora Seliem
5,6 , Shahinaz El Attar
7 , Mohamed Gamil Mehanna
8 , Alsayed Magdi Alsayed Farahat
9 , Moustafa M Ibrahim
10 , Wael Farahat Ali Hafiz
10, Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed
10, Mohamed Ramadan Abd El Aziz El Nady
11,12 , Passant Medhat Hewady
13, Sara Ayman Ahmed
14 , Bahaa Mohammed Badr
15,16 , Ahmed Abd-Elrhman
17 , Dina Allam Abdelmaksoud Hassan
18 1 Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
2 Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6 October City, Egypt
3 Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Arish Branch, Arish, Egypt
4 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Arish Branch, North Sinai, 45511, Egypt
5 Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
6 Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt
7 Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
8 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
9 Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
10 Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Asyut, Egypt
11 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
12 Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, Damietta, Egypt
13 Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
14 Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
15 Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa P.O. Box 132222, Jordan
16 Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut P.O. Box 71524, Egypt
17 Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University (Assiut), Assiut, Egypt
18 Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
Introduction: Garlic, also known as Allium sativum, has been used for centuries to protect the heart and reduce blood pressure.
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the antihypertensive effects and cardioprotective effects of garlic against the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the blood pressure and heart tissue.
Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Albino rats used in the study. Rats were assigned into three groups consisting of one control group, NaF, and NaF + garlic. After a week of acclimatization, the rats were sedated with ketamine and thoracotomy, blood samples were collected, and heart tissues were dissected. Heart specimens were taken from the left ventricle and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. Masson’s trichrome was conducted to examine collagen fibers.
Results: The study findings indicated that exposure to NaF leads to an increase in indicators of cellular demise and a decrease in markers of survival in cardiac tissue, suggesting the occurrence of apoptosis. This exposure also disrupts blood lipid profiles, resulting in elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels and reduced high-density lipid (HDL) levels. Furthermore, it enhances the activity of oxidative stress enzymes while lowering the levels of glutathione (GSH). Conversely, garlic exposure is associated with decreased arterial blood pressure, improved histopathological structure, and reduced serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers.
Conclusion: After thorough evaluation, it has been determined that garlic therapy may hold potential as a treatment for various cardiovascular diseases.