Abstract
Introduction: In the northwest of Iran, gastric cancer is the first and third common form of malignancy
in men and women, respectively. Homeobox protein CDX2, was proposed as a prognostic biomarker in
gastric cancer.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association of CDX2 expression overall survival as well as
clinicopathologic variables in patients with gastric cancer.
Materials and Methods: CDX2 expression was examined by the immunohistochemistry method in the
formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of gastric cancer. The association between CDX2
expression and overall survival, stage of the disease, metastasis status, pathology type of the tumor, and
serum levels of tumor markers serum levels of tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer
antigen 125 (CA-125), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) was then evaluated.
Results: Ninety-two patients with primary gastric cancer were recruited. CDX2 expression was positive in
72 (78%) of the subjects. Overall survival was not significantly different between two groups of patients
(CDX2 positive versus negative). However, the risk of death was 21% lower in CDX2 positive patients, after
adjusting for age and gender (P=0.565). Disease stage and metastasis rate were significantly lower in CDX2
positive patients (P=0.027, and P=0.021, respectively). Additionally, 71% of the CDX2 positive subjects
had intestinal pathology type of the disease (P=0.025). Accordingly, a significant lower level of CA19-9 was
found in CDX2 positive patients as well (P=0.002).
Conclusion: There was not any significant association between CDX2 expression and overall survival in
patients with gastric cancer, although the risk of death was lower in CDX2 positive subjects. However, there
was a less invasive pattern of gastric carcinoma in this group of patients.